Demyelinating processes in aging and stroke in the central nervous system and the prospect of treatment strategy

Demyelination occurs in response to brain injury and is observed in many neurodegenerative diseases. Myelin is synthesized from oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and oligodendrocyte death‐induced demyelination is one of the mechanisms involved in white matter damage after stroke and neurodegeneration. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) exist in the brain of normal adults, and their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes play a central role in remyelination. Although the differentiation and maturity of OPCs drive endogenous efforts for remyelination, the failure of axons to remyelinate is still the biggest obstacle to brain repair after injury or diseases. In recent years, studies have made attempts to promote remyelination after brain injury and disease, but its cellular or molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies examining the demyelination process and potential therapeutic strategies for remyelination in aging and stroke. Based on our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination, we hypothesize that myelin and oligodendrocytes are viable therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury and to treat demyelinating‐related neurodegeneration diseases.     

Industrial Production of Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs): Big Knowledge Gaps Need to Be Filled?

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - Since the phase-out of traditional halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), interests of research are gradually being shifted to organophosphate...     

Quantification evaluation of 99mTc-MDP concentration in the lumbar spine with SPECT/CT: compare with bone mineral density

Annals of Nuclear Medicine - Despite recent technological advances allowing for quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), quantitative SPECT has not been widely used in the...     

The NEDD4-1 E3 ubiquitin ligase: A potential molecular target for bortezomib sensitivity in multiple myeloma

E3 ubiquitin ligases primarily determine the substrate specificity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and play an essential role in the resistance to bortezomib in multiple myeloma (MM). Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4-1 (NEDD4-1, also known as NEDD4) is a founding member of the NEDD4 family of E3 ligases and is involved in the proliferation, migration, invasion and drug sensitivity of cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of NEDD4-1 in MM cells and explored its underlying mechanism. Clinically, low NEDD4-1 expression has been linked to poor prognosis in patients with MM. Functionally, NEDD4-1 knockdown (KD) resulted in bortezomib resistance in MM cells in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression (OE) of NEDD4-1, but not an enzyme-dead NEDD4-1-C867S mutant, had the opposite effect. Furthermore, the overexpression of NEDD4-1 in NEDD4-1 KD cells resensitized the cells to bortezomib in an add-back rescue experiment. Mechanistically, pAkt-Ser473 levels and Akt signaling were elevated and decreased by NEDD4-1 KD and OE, respectively. NEDD4-1 ubiquitinated Akt and targeted pAkt-Ser473 for proteasomal degradation. More importantly, the NEDD4-1 KD-induced upregulation of Akt expression sensitized MM cells to growth inhibition after treatment with an Akt inhibitor. Collectively, our results suggest that high NEDD4-1 levels may be a potential new therapeutic target in MM.     

ROC曲线评价彩色多普勒超声血流成像S/D值在鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤中的价值

目的：探讨ROC曲线评价彩色多普勒超声血流成像(CDFI)收缩期与舒张末期流速比(S/D)值在鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤中的价值,以为临床诊断提供依据。方法：选取2015年12月至2018年12月我院确诊治疗的卵巢癌患者96例作为癌症组,同期选取卵巢良性病变患者96例作为对照组,所有患者均给予CDFI检查并测定血流分级、S/D值,以病理学检查为标准,采用ROC 曲线评估S/D值鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤的效能。结果：癌症组血流分级、S/D值明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；在鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤敏感度、特异度、准确度中,血流分级以≥Ⅱ级为临界值时分别为81.25%、83.33%、82.29%,ROC曲线显示S/D值以≥2.20为临界值时分别为87.50%、81.25%、84.38%,两者联合时分别为95.83%、93.75%、94.79%,两者联合时明显高于两者单独时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两者单独时基本相同,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：血流分级及ROC曲线评价S/D值对鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤具有良好的效能,联合应用时可进一步提高其鉴别效能。     

破裂前交通动脉瘤术后患者认知功能及预后的临床研究

目的研究破裂前交通动脉瘤手术治疗后患者的认知功能及预后情况。 方法回顾性分析山西医科大学第一医院神经外科自2015年3月至2017年6月连续收治的94例破裂前交通动脉瘤患者的临床资料，应用认知功能电话问卷修订版及工具性日常生活能力量表、改良Rankin量表评价术后患者的认知功能及预后。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析术后患者认知功能与预后的影响因素。 结果67例患者完成了术后认知功能及预后的随访评价。单因素分析：Hunt-Hess分级、文化程度是术后患者认知功能的影响因素（P<0.05）；Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher分级、年龄、文化程度是患者预后的影响因素（P<0.05）。进一步行多因素分析，高文化程度是术后患者认知功能的独立影响因素（OR=0.073，95%CI：0.008~0.638，P=0.018）。 结论高文化程度是术后患者认知功能的独立影响因素，且是保护因素。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）研究热点可视化分析＊

目的 针对目前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情在全世界的蔓延，受病毒感染的人数持续上升，本研究全面分析新型冠状病毒肺炎的研究现状与热点。方法 本研究利用CiteSpace与VOSviewer，对2020年1月至2020年3月2日期间发布的新型冠状病毒肺炎相关文献进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入401篇文献进行可视化分析，作者合著网络分析提示：目前，研究领域核心作者团队还没有形成，但有四个团队之间彼此的联系较为紧密；研究机构网络分析提示：机构间合作存在高校与医院、医院与医院、医院与企业以及跨区域的合作，湖北省是目前为止地区发文量中机构数和文献数最多的地方。关键词可视化研究提示：基于CiteSpace高频关键词分为常用疾病名称、检测方法、中医诊疗、西医诊疗和信息技术，共五类，基于VOSviewer的共词聚类分析可以分出8个聚类。结论 冠状病毒肺炎疾病的研究热点集中在新型冠状病毒的命名、检测方法、诊疗内容上，并且信息技术的运用越来越突出，中医信息化紧密结合研究及时有效地为疾病的诊疗提供强有力支撑。     

双源CT多定量参数对胃癌的诊断价值及与HER2的相关性

目的:探讨门脉期双源CT多个定量参数与胃腺癌病理分化程度及HER2的相关性。方法: 回顾性分析2018年7月至2019年4月间于陕西省人民医院行双源CT双能量扫描的48例经胃镜活检(21例)或手术病理证实（27例）的胃腺癌及30例正常胃的影像学资料，其中27例HER2指标明确，通过西门子第二代双源CT扫描获得静脉期双能量图像，利用syngo.via软件获得曲线斜率、门脉期碘浓度、标准化碘浓度；将患者分为胃腺癌与正常胃壁组，高、中、低分化胃腺癌组，HER2阳性组（+，++，+++）与HER2阴性组（-）。统计学方法采用Kappa一致性检验、ROC曲线法、两独立样本t检验及方差分析。结果:活检与术后病理结果具有较强的一致性（Kappa系数为0.701），两者无明显差异；胃腺癌与正常胃壁两组间能谱曲线斜率（1.35±0.24、2.19±0.71）及标准化碘浓度（0.31±0.079、0.54±0.157）均具有统计学意义（P<0.05），曲线下面积分别为0.992、0.919；低分化、中分化及高分化胃腺癌能谱曲线斜率值（3.07±0.67，2.63±0.57，2.01±0.39）组间及组内差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05），低分化、中分化及高分化胃腺癌门脉期标准化碘浓度(0.60±0.167，0.52±0.089，0.36±0.039)组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），中分化组与低分化组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），高分化组与中、低分化组均具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。HER2阳性组与阴性组的能谱曲线斜率及标准化碘浓度值无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论:能谱曲线斜率及门脉期标准化碘浓度值有助于对胃腺癌进行诊断并推测病理分化程度；双源CT定量参数与免疫组化指标HER2无相关性。